Drilling Rigs Offshore Drilling - 5013 Words

An offshore drilling rig is a machine that creates holes (usually called wells or boreholes) and/or shafts in the ground. Drilling rigs can be huge structures that house equipment which is then used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas wells. The term â€Å"rig† refers to the complexity of the equipment that is used to penetrate deep into the surface of the earth’s hard crust. Offshore drilling is a mechanical process where a wellbore is drilled through the seabed. Typically carried out in order to explore and extract petroleum which lies in rock formations beneath the seabed. The term is used to describe drilling activities on the continental shelf, the term can also be applied to drilling in lakes, inshore waters and inland†¦show more content†¦Oil rigs are primarily used in the drilling of wells and various platforms are mounted directly on the working field for the extraction of oil and/or gas. In some cases the drilling for natural oil and gas offshore is really far away from shore/land and therefore various challenges and hurdles are encountered in drilling offshore than onshore. When drilling at sea, the sea floor is often found to be thousands of feet below sea level. Hence, when dealing with onshore drilling, there is a ground which provides a solid relatively easy platform on which to drill, as compared to at sea on which an artificial d rilling platform has to be constructed (Sadeghi, 2007). . Moveable offshore drilling platforms/rigs Generally, there exist two different types of offshore drilling rigs. The first is called a moveable offshore drilling rig. This can be moved from one place to the other and the second type is called fixed rigs (Sadeghi, 2007). Drilling barges These are used most commonly in inland shallow water drilling. This usually takes place in small water bodies such as lakes, swamps, rivers. Drilling barges are essentially massive floating platforms that need to be towed via a tugboat from one location to the other. Suitable for small water bodies which comprise of still and shallow waters - drilling barges are unable to resist and endure the strong and rapid water movements that are found in large water body environments such as oceans (Sadeghi, 2007). JackupShow MoreRelatedDeepwater Horizon Was An Offshore Drilling Rig966 Words   |  4 PagesHorizon was an offshore drilling rig built in 2001 in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries. In September 2009, the rig drilled the deepest oil well in history with a vertical depth of 35,050 feet. An unplanned flow of well fluids into the wellbore can be dangerous as it could cause a blowout which would then cause a fire. In order to prevent this, driller’s pump a drilling mud into the well, creating a barrier between the undersea oil and gas and the rig. The safety of the drilling crew reliesRead MoreWhat Happened At The Macondo Well1007 Words   |  5 Pagesinhabitants. There are many ways we do this, offshore oil drilling being one of them. Offshore oil drilling is the process of drilling into the earth and pulling up petroleum, a natural fuel source made of decomposed organisms. While there are many positive effects, there are too many negative ones for oil drilling to continue. Offshore oil drilling is too dangerous to be considered safe for use in the ecosystem. Not only is it too dangerous, oil rigs are made in an environment many would deem tooRead MoreThe Drilling Of Fshore Drilling Industry1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe offshore drilling industry can be split into 5 key markets: upgrade market, contract drilling market, second-hand market, scrap market and contract drilling market. Among them contract drilling market is most important, because it ensures smooth cash flow between markets. drilling units is summarised in the table below. The table above describes cash flow within offshore drilling markets. Contract drilling market leases drilling units to OG companies to drill or service wells, in turn theyRead MoreOffshore Oil Drilling and the Deepwater Horizon Spill of the Gulf of Mexico1591 Words   |  7 Pagesfossil fuel, oil drilling is used. Land-based oil drilling became less productive and as the global stipulation for energy increased, technology, law, and geology impacts stepped in and pushed the exploration of oil away from shores (CITE). With its historical background, offshore oil drilling is one of the most important aspects of today’s economy although we are faced with its risks and consequences, such as the BP Deepwater Horizon explosion of the Gulf of Mexico. Offshore oil drilling is known asRead MoreThe Drilling For Offshore Drilling1433 Words   |  6 Pagesto make the choice whether we want to be more self-reliance or have a safer environment. That brings us to the subject of offshore drilling in regards to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Offshore drilling is the process of drilling for oil offshore in places such oceans or sea beds through an oil rig. Sound like something non-complex. Many would assume that offshore drilling could not have very much effect in regards to onshore. The most politically correct way for a person to decide where theyRead MoreOffshore Drilling1527 Words   |  7 Pages Offshore Drilling Does anything out weigh the importance of our planet’s health? You would be surprised by the number of people who look the other way when it comes to keeping the planet clean. Offshore drilling is just one of the major environmental issues that has existed for many years and still continues to be a problem. The topic of offshore drilling not only touches on environmental issues but also political, economic, and ethical issues. All of these tie into the huge debate over offshoreRead MoreOil Drilling Regulations : British Petroleum1461 Words   |  6 PagesOil Drilling Regulations British Petroleum(BP) had a massive oil spill on April 20, 2010. In the BP Oil Spill, more than 200 million gallons of oil was spilled into the Gulf of Mexico for a total of eightyseven days, making it the biggest oil spill in United States history. The initial oil rig explosion killed eleven people and injured seventeen others(â€Å"11 Facts†). The spill killed hundreds of animal, plant life and destroyed the environment. BP was penalized up to $40 billion in fines. StricterRead MoreHow Oil Drilling Works Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the ocean floor through powerful offshore oil rigs. Natural seeps can also occur. This is when crude oil that seeps in the ocean water from geologic formations beneath the ocean floor. Despite these risks, the growth of the global oil businesses continue to grow and our need, and ultimately our dependency on it, grow right along with it. Arguably, the greatest impact of off-shore drilling on the environment is indisputable. There are 3,500 drilling rigs and platforms, 79 of them deep-water wellsRead MoreOil Drilling Essay examples1403 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica’s has massive oil demands and off-shore drilling has become a temporary solution and scientist are trying to find alternative sources of energy that can last us a very long time. There are many disadvantages and hazards when it comes to offshore drilling. Theses disadvantages can affect the wildlife, animal population, marine environments, pollution and much more. With there being so many disadvantages for offshore drilling, why continue drilling? Oil that is spilled in the ocean water canRead MoreHistory Of Southern California s Shoreline And Transformation After Its Oil Reserves Discovery1087 Words   |  5 PagesProspectors for oil quickly begin to flood the Santa Barbara shorelines with drilling rigs. Although, many of Summerland’s wells produced a poor quality of crude oil its value tripled on the market from $0.35 per barrels to $1.03 per barrel within a matter of few years (Wilder, p. 33). Oil companies and prospectors quickly started developing oil rigs on private beaches, and in 1896, the world’s first offshore drilling rigs was originated in Summerland, California. Summerland was a tourist town known

Building a Bridge to the 18th C Free Essays

Chapter one and two of the book â€Å"Building a bridge to the 18th Century† by Postman Neil is talking about the progress of man through the time he has inhabited the earth and what has been the catapulting force to great heights that has seen him achieve much in little time. Progress is described as a brainchild of enlightment which then releases vitality and inspiring confidence like the one that is seen in the 18th century. Much of what is seen as great achievement of 20th century is as a result of great work and thinking of people in the middle ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Building a Bridge to the 18th C or any similar topic only for you Order Now This then transfers enormous credit to the philosophers and scientists in middle ages for starting the progress back then. The 18th century has been depicted as a period of great thinkers who invented things virtually in all spheres of life and for mankind to progress; the answer does not lie in the future or the current times but going back to that great century. The progress being advocated for is scientific or technological advancement which requires no moral authority as opposed to moral progress that can be attributed to enlightment coupled with poetic imagination. The two forms of progress happen concurrently and it is hard to separate them throughout the ages that man has sought to tread in footsteps of enlightment. The idea of rationality, materialism and deconstruction have been discussed at length but not well understood owing to the fact they are mainly articulated from a Christian perspective of philosophers who were mainly Christians. Therefore their fundamental understanding of rationality is through idealism advanced in those times of insurgency and revolt against the orthodox running of the Christian faith. It follows that rationality has radical expression through progress. Reference Postman, N. (1999). Building a Bridge to the Eighteenth Century: Ideas from the Past That Can Improve Our Future. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Incorporated How to cite Building a Bridge to the 18th C, Papers

Superfund Issue Essays - Hazardous Waste, , Term Papers

Superfund Issue There have been few environmental problems that have posed the same level of concern as that of the hazardous waste issue. Similarly, few environmental laws have caused the level of frustration as that felt towards Superfund, the main legislative tool that was designed to address the public fears in regards to hazardous waste. Superfund is a law that was passed in 1980. It is formally known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA. It established a special fund called the Superfund Trust Fund as a pot of money, 1.6 billion over 5 years, which was originally planned to finance the clean up of some 400 sites. Today, Superfund has grown into one of the nations largest environmental projects with over 30 billion being spent on over 1200 sites. The EPA, with the aid of state and tribal governments, is the agency charged with implementing and enforcing the Superfund Program. Since the Superfund was designed to be used for abandoned sites where the responsible parties are unknown or bankrupt, the EPA makes every effort to identify the parties responsible for the contamination so they can be held liable for the costs of the cleanup. Superfund sites are discovered by local and state agencies performing inspections, businesses, the EPA, the Coast Guard or anybody else who takes the initiative to report a potentially hazardous waste site to the National Hotline Number. When sites are identified the EPA must decide if it requires an emergency response, an early action, or a long-term action. EPA Overview/Analysis of Superfund uses a scorecard method called the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) to determine the level of danger in a hazardous waste site. If the site requires immediate action to eliminate serious risk to human health or the environment, it will be dealt with as an emergency response. If a site poses a threat in the near future, an early action will be enacted to contain the risk. Typically, Early Action goals are to; prevent direct human contact with contaminants from the site; remove hazardous materials from the site; prevent contaminants from spreading off the site; provide water to residents whose drinking water has been contaminated by the site; or temporarily or permanently evacuate and, if necessary, relocate nearby residents. Early actions can last from a few days up to 5 years. If a site has been polluted for many years, it may take a few years to decades to cleanup. For sites such as these, Long-Term Actions are taken which include restoring ground water and taking measures to protect wetlands, estuaries, and other ecological resources. The people responsible for contamination areas are referred to as Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs). The EPA has many ways of identifying PRPs. EPA investigators review site files kept by Federal, state and local agencies, review land deeds and titles at the local courthouse, look for names on drums or other hazardous materials at the site, and interview employees, former employees or neighbors of the site. When a responsible party is found, they can be used to find other responsible parties. Once the parties are identified, the EPA generates information request letters to get further information concerning the PRPs ability to pay for the cleanup action. Overview/Analysis of Superfund Analysis The Superfund program is without question a necessity that, even if having met none of its intended goals, has managed to enhance the awareness of the responsible parties of hazardous waste sites. For that alone it as been of great value in reducing the occurrence of hazardous waste sites which would have previously developed as a result of environmental ignorance But, as an effective tool for cleanup, it's not as successful as had been hoped. The two major complaints of Superfund are the enormous costs and the long delays in processing a site for cleanup. As of 1996, only about 200 of the 1200 sites listed on the National Priority List had been completely cleaned up and with a cost average of $30 million and 12 years per site. One of the chief reasons for Superfund's exploding costs is the free-for-all pursuit of responsible parties allowed by the act. Superfund calls for retroactive liability, meaning that corporate practices that might have been perfectly legal, fully permitted and safe under the law years ago can now be punished retroactively. Potentially Responsible Parties are defined under the law as, (1) those who own or operate a site; (2) owned or operated a site at the time of the disposal of wastes; (3) arranged for disposal, treatment, or transportation of waste;

Free Essays on The Glass Menagerie

The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams’ â€Å"memory play† originates after World War II in a dark, dreary alley in St. Louis. The play consists of only four main characters or actors; a mother, brother, sister, and the gentleman caller round out the people. The names given by Williams are; Amanda Wingfield to the mother, Laura the daughter, Tom the brother who narrates the play, and Jim the gentleman caller. The story progresses along the lines of Amanda searching for a mate for her daughter, because she had seventeen callers in her day. The father figure has abandoned the family years before leaving Tom as the man of the household. At the outset of things, Tom is plotting and scheming, while his mother wants him to hear once again about Blue Mountain and of all the callers she had back in her day. She is rather degrading/racist to the dark skin folk and very close-minded when recalling these times. The three can’t agree on whatever they’re talking about and the scene end’s with Amanda feeling as though she is going to be an old maid. In the next scene, Laura catches her mother missing the D.A.R. (Daughters of the American Revolution) meeting the night before. Amanda also catches Laura when she asks about why her typing teacher had not even seen her showing up at school. Laura gives a very puny speech, she goes on telling her mother of how she wandered the streets the night before, going inside various places to warm up. Then, the two of them begin chitchatting about how Laura used to really like one boy who called her Blue Roses. She explains the name to her mom, but Amanda wants to hear nothing of this or her crippled-ness and emphasizes that she has charm and vivacity. Amanda chooses to ask Tom to be the one to find a caller for his sister after he and his mother have another frank discussion and he storms off once again to the â€Å"movies†. He does so in a rage and on his way out to the movies ends up b... Free Essays on The Glass Menagerie Free Essays on The Glass Menagerie â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† There are some people who live life within another life. They live in a world run by their imagination. In Tennessee Williams the â€Å"Glass Menagerie† the members of the Wingfield family are all trapped in menial existences. Enveloped in their delusions or leading impoverished lives of symbolic displacements, they are almost a family of outcasts. Laura Wingfield is the main focus, who is living in a world of glass ornaments. Amanda Wingfield, Laura’s mother, suffocating in her own affections, places her desires indirectly towards Laura. Additionally, there is Tom Wingfield, Laura’s brother, who is immersed within a world of movies. Laura resembles a wounded animal, mirroring her own fears of failure. The â€Å"Glass Menagerie† is deceptively simple on its surface-no more, it seems, than a single incident in the life of a small family. Laura's self destruction seems inevitable from the opening of the story. Low self-esteem, depression, and lack of any con fidence what so ever marks Laura's descent into the emptiness of her own soul. It seems Laura really only wants to be left alone to collect her trinkets of glass. In his play, "The Glass Menagerie†, Tennessee Williams uses the imagery of a glass unicorn to help convey the emotional anguish of the character, Laura. The unicorn symbolizes Laura's feelings of being "freakish" (1487), which has made her a hermit. Laura's obsession with her glass collection is displayed throughout the story. It is obvious that her mother, Amanda, has berated Laura many times about her preoccupation with the glass, because while she is â€Å"washing and polishing her collection† (1452), Laura panics at the prospect of her mother finding her at it again. Once we have seen Amanda's tirade about Laura dropping out of business school, Laura's state seems licit. The glass now seems to be Laura's hopes and dreams of another life. She hasn't the courage to live a normal sociable l... Free Essays on The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams’ â€Å"memory play† originates after World War II in a dark, dreary alley in St. Louis. The play consists of only four main characters or actors; a mother, brother, sister, and the gentleman caller round out the people. The names given by Williams are; Amanda Wingfield to the mother, Laura the daughter, Tom the brother who narrates the play, and Jim the gentleman caller. The story progresses along the lines of Amanda searching for a mate for her daughter, because she had seventeen callers in her day. The father figure has abandoned the family years before leaving Tom as the man of the household. At the outset of things, Tom is plotting and scheming, while his mother wants him to hear once again about Blue Mountain and of all the callers she had back in her day. She is rather degrading/racist to the dark skin folk and very close-minded when recalling these times. The three can’t agree on whatever they’re talking about and the scene end’s with Amanda feeling as though she is going to be an old maid. In the next scene, Laura catches her mother missing the D.A.R. (Daughters of the American Revolution) meeting the night before. Amanda also catches Laura when she asks about why her typing teacher had not even seen her showing up at school. Laura gives a very puny speech, she goes on telling her mother of how she wandered the streets the night before, going inside various places to warm up. Then, the two of them begin chitchatting about how Laura used to really like one boy who called her Blue Roses. She explains the name to her mom, but Amanda wants to hear nothing of this or her crippled-ness and emphasizes that she has charm and vivacity. Amanda chooses to ask Tom to be the one to find a caller for his sister after he and his mother have another frank discussion and he storms off once again to the â€Å"movies†. He does so in a rage and on his way out to the movies ends up b... Free Essays on The Glass Menagerie To create a better understanding of a character’s personality, we must delve deep into a character’s thoughts, his traits, and his many other distinguishing characteristics. Our character, Laura Wingfield, from Tennessee Williams’ play, The Glass Menagerie, suffers from a crippled leg that causes her to limp whenever she walks. Over time, her crippleness has caused her to become incredibly shy to strangers and almost everyone around her. Her shyness ricochets back at her by making her lose all self confidence in herself and thus makes her afraid to face or even talk to people. It causes her to turn into an outcast among regular people and even causes her to drop out of social institutions like high school and business college. Her crippled leg over time has become a looming invisible adversary. She has been living in a dream world created by her mother whereas her leg is not crippled, but only a minor defect. Over time, she has lost all self confidence in herself and resorts to the confines of her glass menagerie and old phono records. She uses it as an escape, not from her confined home life, but rather as an escape from the life outside. She prefers not to have interaction with people and would rather spend all day caring for her glass animals. There, she can get away from the pressures her mother constantly places on her and be in perfect nirvana. Her shyness and tendency to keep to herself even made her drop out of high school. Even in business college, she threw up on the first day of class and never returned. Her shyness has alienated her to a point where even the most slightest conversation can frighten her. Laura is also afraid of confrontations. When she dropped out of business college, she walked around town or through the parks for months in cold and freezing weather just to avoid having to confront her mother with the news. When her mother finally found out about it, she tried to avoid having to talk b... Free Essays on The Glass Menagerie Symbolism in Glass Tennessee Williams â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† tells the story of an unusual family coping with unfortunate circumstances. The title of the play comes from a hobby of the youngest member of the family, Laura. Her glass menagerie is a collection of glass ornaments. Laura’s glass menagerie symbolizes everyone in the story. In the beginning of the play Tom explains to the audience that he is the narrator. This is also when the father is mentioned for the first time. His father left their family, but is always a presence in their house because of his â€Å"larger-than-life size photograph that hangs over the mantel† (1781). The glass menagerie symbolizes him because it is also unreal. His presence is always felt, but it is not a real presence, just as the figures in Laura’s glass are very important to her, but they are also not real. Amanda, the mother, is very strange. She has had a hard life. Her husband left her with two children and the pressure of raising them on her own really seems to have altered her view of reality. She talks endlessly on how many men wanted to date her when she was young, telling her children, â€Å"sometimes there weren’t enough chairs to accommodate them all† (1782). She lives in the past. Her mind is also very fragile, as fragile as glass. If she becomes upset she goes back into her past to think about better days. She does not choose to believe the truth when it does not suit what she wants to believe. She is as fragile as ornament in her daughter’s glass menagerie. Tom, as mentioned earlier, is the narrator. He is also fragile, but in a different way than his mother. His patience is easily worn. He has to work long hours supporting his family. He knows that he must work or they will not survive, but living with that burden has made him bitter, and he is staring to yearn for bigger and better things. The only comfort he feels is when he leaves the apartment an...

Find Ideas for Enterprise Stories in Your Hometown

Find Ideas for Enterprise Stories in Your Hometown Enterprise reporting involves a reporter digging up stories based on his or her own observation and investigation. These stories typically arent based on a press release or a news conference, but on the reporter carefully watching for changes or trends on his beat, things that often fall under the radar because theyre not always obvious. For instance, lets say youre the police reporter for a small-town paper and over time you notice that arrests of high school students for possession of cocaine are increasing. So you talk to your sources in the police department, along with school counselors, students, and parents, and come up with a story about how more high school kids are using cocaine in your town because some big-time dealers from the nearest big city are moving into your area. Again, thats not a story based on someone holding a press conference. Its a story that the reporter dug up on his own, and, like many enterprise stories, its important. (Enterprise reporting is really just another word for investigative reporting, by the way.) So here are some ways you can find ideas for enterprise stories in various beats. Crime and Law Enforcement Talk to a police officer or detective at your local police department. Ask them what trends theyve noticed in crime over the last six months or year. Are homicides up? Armed robberies down? Are local business facing a rash or burglaries? Get statistics and perspective from the police on why they think the trend is occurring, then interview those affected by such crimes and write a story based on your reporting. Local Schools Interview a member of your local school board. Ask them whats happening with the school district in terms of test scores, graduation rates, and budget issues. Are test scores up or down? Has the percentage of high school grads going on to college changed much in recent years? Does the district have adequate funds to meet the needs of students and teachers or are programs having to be cut due to budget constraints?​ Local Government Interview your local mayor or a member of the city council. Ask them how the town is doing, financially and otherwise. Does the town have enough revenue to maintain services or are some departments and programs facing cutbacks? And are the cuts simply a matter of trimming fat or are important services - like police and fire, for instance - also facing cuts? Get a copy of the towns budget to see the numbers. Interview someone on the city council or town board about the figures. Business and the Economy   Interview some local small business owners to see how theyre faring. Is business up or down? Are mom-and-pop businesses being hurt by shopping malls and big-box department stores? How many small businesses on Main Street have been forced to close in recent years? Ask local merchants what it takes to maintain a profitable small business in your town. Environment Interview someone from the nearest regional office of the Environmental Protection Agency. Find out if local factories are operating cleanly or polluting your communitys air, land or water. Are there any Superfund sites in your town? Seek out local environmental groups to find out whats being done to clean up polluted areas.

Reflection of Liquid Based Cytology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Reflection of Liquid Based Cytology - Case Study Example The frameworks make the process of reflection easy. There are many frameworks.   Gibbs model is a reflective cycle which is a straightforward and recognized framework for reflection wherein it enables clear description of the situation of the patient, the analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make sense of the experience, conclusion where other points are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if situation arose again. Description of the situation involves recollection of the condition of the patient, the signs and symptoms, and the initial evaluation parameters when the patient got admitted. Analysis of feelings involves evaluation of the feelings of the nurse towards the patient and also the feelings of the patient during the course of treatment. Evaluation of experience involves evaluation of the negative and positive actions of the nurse at that particular situation. The analysis involves evaluation of the impact of the actions of oneself on the condition of the patient, whether the actions cause improvement or deterioration of the condition of the patient. 40-year-old Lucy (Name changed due to confidentiality reasons according to NMC code) was referred for cervical cancer screening. Lucy apparently had no health problems. She was the mother of 3 children. She was accompanied by her husband. Lucy was apprehensive and nervous about the procedure.  She had many doubts regarding the test. She asked me whether the test had any side effects, what were the benefits of the test, whether the test was fail-safe and as to what would be the next step in case the results were abnormal.     Ã‚  

The impact of employee participation in decision making on job Research Proposal

The impact of employee participation in decision making on job satisfaction - Research Proposal Example In the last section, the questionnaire for the primary survey is given. The dependent variable is job satisfaction. It is defined as the positive feeling or emotion resulting from the appraisal of an employee about how much his needs are fulfilled from the present work role and place( Wagner,1994;Bhatti and Qureshi,2007 etc). Hence, job satisfaction results from many factors like the nature of responsibilities assigned to the employee, balance between life and work to the employee, autonomy for the job , affection orientation towards the organization where the employee is working, attitude of colleagues etc. Therefore, job satisfaction is measured in terms of two major indicators in this study, the job functionality and organizational fit following many studies like Verma (1995), Wagner (1994), Scott etal(2003),Bhatti and Qureshi(2007) etc. Job functionality includes questions on job responsibilities, job life balance and job autonomy. Organizational fit includes questions on trust in the organization, trust in other employees; support from colleagues and authorities, and motivation for work. All these questions are on a scale 0 to 4.. Employee participation is defined as sharing of influence among persons who are otherwise hierarchically unequal (Bhatti and Qureshi, 2007, p3) . It includes involving both managers and their subordinates in decision-making, information processing and problem solving processes as well as making a balance between the involvements of both. Hence, the attitude of management and influence of employees at workplace are two important indicators of employee participation. Therefore, employee participation is measured in terms of these two indicators attitudes to current job and influence at workplace. The attitudes to current job include questions like performance and attitude of management as well as employee involvement